Ntawm no, kev siv cov lus qhia ntawm cov khoom siv hlau yog siv rau kev cais ntawm txoj kev qhia:
Cov pa nkev hlau
Txoj kev sawv cev cev lus: Q + naj npawb + (cim qib zoo) + (deoxy txoj kev cim) + (cim cim)
1 Cov xov tooj hlau yog crowned nrog "Q", uas sawv cev rau cov kis ntawm cov hlau;
2 Tus naj npawb hauv qab no "Q" qhia tau hais tias tus nqi kis ntawm MPa. Piv txwv, Q235 qhia tau hais tias qhov kev tawm los kis (σs) yog 235
MPa cov pa carbon hlau;
3 Yog tias tsim nyog, cov cim uas qhia tias qib zoo thiab deoxidation yuav ntaus cim tom qab hlau nab npawb. Cov cim qib zoo yog A, B, C, thiab D, feem.
Txoj kev ua dev deoxidation cim: F rau cov dej ua npau npau; b rau cov khoom qub uas yog semi: static steel; TZ rau tshwj xeeb tua steel, tua steel yuav tsis yog ib lub cim, uas yog, Z thiab TZ tsis tuaj yeem kos. Piv txwv, Q235-AF qhia Qib Ib Ntxhuab Hluav Taws.
Cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb carbon steel: Piv txwv, choj steels, shipboard steels, thiab lwm yam. Yeej, carbon cov hlau ua siv, tab sis cov ntawv hlau txuas ntxiv rau qhov kawg ntawm cov hlau.
2. Cov khoom qag zoo ntawm cov hlau
Cov sawv cev cev lus: tus lej + (cim cim) + (deoxy method cim) + (cim cim)
Ob tug lej pib thaum pib ntawm ib lub xov tooj hlau qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau, qhia nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm ib lab ntawm cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab carbon. Piv txwv, hlau nrog cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab ntawm 0.45% thiab ib tus lej ntawm "45" tsis yog ib qho uas tshwm sim tau, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem nyeem tau 45 steel.
2 Cov pa roj carbon zoo siab nrog manganese cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum muaj cim nrog manganese, xws li 50 Mn.
3 Cov dej kub, cov hlau tua hluav taws thiab cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb lub cev muaj zog zoo yuav tsum yog cov cim tshwj xeeb cim kawg ntawm cov hlau. Piv txwv li, cov khoom qub uas muaj semi-static nrog cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab ntawm 0.1% yuav tsum yog 10b.
3. Cov cuab yeej carbon steel
Cov sawv cev cev lus: tus ntawv T + tus lej (lub cim cim) + (tus cim qib zoo)
1 Cov yas yog crowned nrog "T" kom tsis txhob tov nrog lwm cov hlau.
Tus nab npawb hauv cov 2 hlau qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj, qhia tau hais tias ob peb nplooj ntawm cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab nruab nrab. Piv txwv li "T8" txhais tau tias qhov nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus carbon yog 0.8%.
3 Yog tias cov ntsiab lus manganese siab dua, "Mn" cim rau tom kawg ntawm tus zauv hlau, xws li "T8Mn".
4 Cov phosphorus thiab leej faj cov ntsiab lus ntawm high-quality high-quality carbon lub cuab tam yog tsawg tshaj li uas zoo tib yam siab-carbon cov hlau. Tsab ntawv "A" ntxiv rau tom kawg ntawm cov hlau khov kho los qhia qhov txawv, xws li "T8MnA".
4. Txiav steel
Txoj kev sawv cev cev lus: tsab ntawv Y + tus leb + (cim cim)
1 Cov yas yog crowned nrog "Y" kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom zoo li cov pa roj carbon zoo.
Tus naj npawb tom qab 2 daim ntawv "Y" qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm carbon, qhia tawm ntawm ib feem ntawm ib nrab ntawm cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab carbon, piv txwv li pub dawb txiav cov pa roj carbon dioxide 0.3%, nws cov xov tooj yog "Y30".
3 Yog tias cov ntsiab lus manganese siab dua, "Mn" kuj tseem cim tom qab hlau, piv txwv "Y40Mn".
5. Cov hlau phom hlau hlau
Sawv Cev: (Kev Cim Hauj Lwm) Cov Npe + Cov Loj Cov Cim Cim Cim Cim thiab Cov Naj Npawb + Lub Xeev Cim Cim Cim + (Cov Qib Kawm Zoo Cim) + (Kev Cim Hauj Lwm)
Ob tug lej pib thaum pib ntawm ib lub xov tooj hlau qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm carbon, qhia ua ib feem ntawm qhov nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus carbon, xws li 40Cr.
2 Cov kev ua tseem ceeb hauv hlau, tsuas yog rau tus kheej xwb, feem ntau hais tawm hauv feem pua. Thaum lub ntsiab lus qis tshaj yog tsawg tshaj li 1.5%, tsuas yog lub cim ntawm lub keeb feem ntau cim nyob rau hauv cov hlau, tab sis cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj cim, tab sis nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb txoj kev tshwm sim, nws yog yooj yim ua rau tsis meej pem. Tom qab lub cim cim, tus naj npawb "1" kuj yuav raug cim, piv txwv li, cov xov tooj hlau. "12CrMoV" thiab "12Cr1MoV", qhov qub chromium ntsiab lus ntawm 0.4-0.6%, lub tom kawg yog 0.9-1.2%, cov khoom ntxiv yog tib yam. Thaum nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txuam yog ≥ 1.5%, ≥ 2.5%, ≥ 3.5%, etc., cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum raug sau rau tom qab lub cim cim, uas tuaj yeem hais ua 2, 3, 4 ... thiab lwm yam. Xws li 18Cr2Ni4WA.
3 Cov phoojywg xws li vanadium V, titanium Ti, aluminium AL, boron B, tsawg lub ntiaj teb RE, etc. nyob rau hauv cov hlau muaj microalloying ntsiab. Txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj, lawv yuav tsum khij lub npoo hlau. Piv txwv, hauv 20MnVB steel: vanadium yog 0.07-0.12%, boron yog 0.001-0.005%.
4 Lub tshuab muaj hlau zoo yuav tsum muab ntxiv "A" rau qhov kawg ntawm cov hlau kom paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov kev sib tw hlau zoo tib yam.
5 tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj hlau ua xuab zeb, steel yas (los sis qab) yog lub cim ntawm cov hlau siv. Piv txwv li, tshwj xeeb 30CrMnSi steel rau rivets, tus xov tooj hlau yog ML30CrMnSi
6. Tsawg alloy siab zog
Sawv Cev: (Kev Cim Hauj Lwm) Cov Npe + Cov Loj Cov Cim Cim Cim Cim thiab Cov Naj Npawb + Lub Xeev Cim Cim Cim + (Cov Qib Kawm Zoo Cim) + (Kev Cim Hauj Lwm)
Hlau No. 1 yeej yog tib yam li cov hlau hlau alloy hlau.
2 Kev siv kev siv cov low-alloy high-strength hlau, yuav tsum tau khij ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov hlau tooj. Piv txwv li, rau cov hlau 16Mn, tshwj xeeb cov qhab-nees rau cov txuas hniav yog "16Mnq", cov qhab nia tshwj xeeb rau cov tsheb nqaj hlau yog "16MnL", thiab cov qhab-iav tshwj xeeb rau cov nkoj muaj "16MnR".
7. Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav hlau
Caij nplooj ntoos hlav hlau yuav muab faib ua ob hom raws li cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav hlau thiab alloy caij nplooj ntoos hlav hlau. Cov tooj hlau qhia txog tus qauv. Cov qub yog tib yam nkaus li cov khoom muaj roj zoo, thiab cov tom kawg yog tib yam li cov hlau txua hluav taws xob.
8. Rolling kabmob hlau
tso duab hom:
High carbon chromium cov kabmob steel: daim ntawv G + Cr element cim thiab zauv
Kev coj cov kabmob uas muaj kabmob: daim ntawv G + tus leb + loj loj cim cim thiab naj npawb + cim taug qab cim cim + (cim qib zoo)
1 Cov hlau yas yog cim nrog daim ntawv "G", uas qhia tau hais tias txoj hlua kabmob steel.
2 Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide ntawm cov roj carbon monoxide yog tsis cim, chromium cov ntsiab lus yog hais nyob hauv ib seem ib txhiab xws li GCr15. Carburized kabmob steel hlau sawv cev qauv yog ib yam zoo li cov hlau hlau alloy hlau.
9. Kev sib tsoo twj hlau thiab kev kub ceev cov cuab yeej hlau
1 Thaum nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau phom hlau hlau yog ≥ 1.0%, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide tsis yog; thaum lub ntsiab lus nruab nrab carbon <100%, nws="" yog="" hais="" nyob="" rau="" hauv="" qhov="" chaw="" ntawm="" ib=""> Piv txwv li, Cr12, CrWMn, 9SiCr, 3Cr2W8V.
2 Cov kev qhia ntawm cov ntsiab ntawm alloying hauv steel yog tib yam li cov hlau alloy cov hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlau alloy nrog qis chromium cov ntsiab lus, chromium cov ntsiab lus tau qhia nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm ib txhiab, thiab "0" ntxiv ua ntej ntawm daim duab qhia cov ntsiab lus, yog li ntawd nws yog hais tias feem pua ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Sib txawv. Piv txwv Cr06.
3 Cov xov tooj cua ntawm cov cuab yeej loj yog feem ntau tsis cim nrog cov ntsiab lus, tsuas yog ob peb feem pua ntawm cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab ntawm ntau yam kev sib sau ua ke. Piv txwv li, steel hlau ntawm tungsten high speed steel yog hais tias "W18Cr4V". Cov qhab nia hlau nrog tsab ntawv "C" qhia tau hais tias lawv cov ntsiab lus carbon siab tshaj qhov uas tsis tau raug "C."
10. Cov pas hlau thiab cov cua kub-resistant hlau
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide 1 yog qhia hauv cov seem ntawm ib txhiab. Piv txwv, cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab ntawm "2Cr13" steel yog 0.2%. Yog tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon steel yog ≤0.03% los yog ≤ 0.08%, cov xov tooj hlau yog dhau los ntawm "00" thiab "0", piv txwv li 00Cr17Ni14Mo2, 0Cr18.
Ni9 thiab ntxiv rau.
2 Cov kev ua tseem ceeb hauv cov hlau yog qhia hauv feem pua, thaum cov titanium, niobium, zirconium, nitrogen, thiab lwm yam zoo li no raws li cov txheej txheem saum toj no-hais txog kev ua cov hlau hlau mus rau cov khoom me me.
11. Vuam qws hlau
Cov nab npawb xov tooj yog qhov ua ntej los ntawm tsab ntawv "H" kom paub qhov txawv ntawm lwm cov hlau. Piv txwv li, stainless hlau hlau yog "H2Cr13", uas yuav txawv ntawm stainless hlau "2Cr13".
12. Silicon hlau rau hluav taws xob
1 Cov nab npawb xov tooj muaj cov ntawv thiab cov zauv. Cov ntawv hlau steel DR qhia tias steel-rolled steel rau hluav taws xob, DW qhia tias cov xim uas tsis muaj pob zeb tawg yog cov hluav taws xob, thiab DQ qhia tias khov-xim rau cov hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob.
Tus naj npawb tom qab 2 tus tsiaj ntawv sawv cev rau 100 zaus cov nqi poob hlau (W / kg).
3 Tsab ntawv "G" ntawm qhov kawg ntawm tus zauv cij pwm qhia tias nws tau sim nyob rau ntawm ib lub sij hawm ntev; yog tias nws tsis yog "G", nws tau ntsuam xyuas ntawm ib qhov kev ncua ntawm 50 yoj.
Piv txwv, hlau tooj DW470 qhia tau tias qhov khoom hnyav tshaj qhov hnyav poob qhov khoom ntawm cov khoom tawg uas tsis muaj ntsej muag rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau ntawm 50 Hz yog 4.7 W / kg.
13. Fais fab hlau
1 Lub npe muaj cov npe ntawm cov ntawv "DT" thiab cov lej. "DT" qhia tias dawb huv rau hluav taws xob, thiab cov zauv qhia txog cov xov tooj ntawm ntau hom, xws li DT3.
2 Cov ntawv ntxiv ntxiv tom qab cov zauv qhia tias cov khoom siv electromagnetic: A - Advanced, E - Special, C - Super, xws li DT8A.